and penalty cards against the underlying year-by-year schedule so the summary never drifts from the table output. Kept the educational framing centered on decision timing: when RMDs begin， how the formula works， lifetime-total， Tool-Level Methodology Checked the divisor schedule against the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table references already cited on the page. Reviewed the first-year， but tax on those withdrawals should be modeled separately. Update Log Reconfirmed the current RMD start-age and missed-RMD penalty framing used after SECURE 2.0 changes. Aligned links with the withdrawal-tax and Roth pages so users can act on the RMD output instead of stopping at the schedule. Reviewed the Roth 401(k) no-RMD note to keep it current with the site's other retirement-tax content. ， which is user-selected and inherently uncertain. This tool estimates required withdrawals and highlights penalty exposure， and why missing one matters. Assumption Review The model uses the standard Uniform Lifetime Table and does not automatically switch to special spouse-beneficiary treatment. Future balances depend on the assumed post-retirement return，。

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