Rice University. Except where otherwise noted，which is not affiliated with，。

OpenStax’s mission is to make an amazing education accessible for all. OpenStax is part of Rice University， textbooks on this siteare licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY NC-SA) license. Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board， and does not endorse， this site. ， which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Give today and help us reach more students. Help Contact Us Support Center FAQ System Status Keyboard Shortcuts OpenStax Press Newsletter Careers Policies Accessibility Statement Terms of Use Licensing Privacy Policy © 1999-2026。

郑重声明：本文版权归原作者所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。